数据结构课设--火车售票系统

用C/C++写了一个火车售票系统，一起来看看吧:P

先看看简单的运行吧 ：P

如果你觉得不错那就继续往下看吧……

首先新建一个文件为ticket.txt，和代码放到一起，保存列车的信息，如：

/*不要复制注释
	普铁:1,动车:0
	列车号
	出发地
	出发站台
	目的地
	目的站台
	出发时间
	到达时间
	站票|一等座
	硬座|二等座
	硬卧
*/
1 G5 北京 南站 上海 站 07:00 11:40 939 558
1 G1 北京 南站 上海 虹桥站 09:00 13:28 933 553
1 G57 北京 南站 杭州 东站 07:15 13:05 907 538.5
0 Z97 北京 西站 广州 东站 12:40 10:04+1 251 251 426
1 G1976 成都 东站 上海 虹桥站 10:57 22:25 1516 932.5
0 K284 成都 站 上海 站 18:22 07:06+2 273.5 273.5 463.5
0 K1363 北京 西站 成都 站 22:06 07:37+2 240 240 408
0 K1092 深圳 东站 成都 东站 17:26 09:26 289.5 289.5 501.5

接着就是贴代码了：

#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <cstring>
#include <iomanip>
#define MAX_LINE 1024	//文件缓冲读取一行大小为1024 
#define TICKET_NUM 11	//存储文件读取的数据，最大11个数据 
using namespace std;

int TICKET_SUM;			//可选择的车票总数 

struct ticketMoney 		//车票价格
{
	double stand;		//站票 
	double hardSeat;	//硬座
	double hardSleeper; //硬卧
	double firstSeat;	//一等座
	double secondSeat;	//二等座
	int standNum;		//站票的数量 
	int hardSeatNum;	//硬座的数量 
	int hardSleeperNum;	//硬卧的数量 
	int firstSeatNum;	//一等座的数量 
	int secondSeatNum;	//二等座的数量 
	//默认构造方法 
	ticketMoney(){};
	//获取普铁的车票价格 
	ticketMoney(double stand,double hardSeat,double hardSleeper):
		stand(stand),
		hardSeat(hardSeat),
		hardSleeper(hardSleeper){};
	//获取动车的车票价格 
	ticketMoney(double firstSeat,double secondSeat):
		firstSeat(firstSeat),
		secondSeat(secondSeat){};
		
};

struct ticketInform		//车票信息 
{
	string flag;		//0:普铁 1:动车 
	string trainNum;	//车次
	string fromPlace;	//出发地
	string fromStation;	//出发站台 
	string toPlace;		//目的地
	string toStation;	//目的站台 
	string fromTime;	//出发时间
	string toTime;		//到站时间
	ticketMoney money;	//价格
	
	ticketInform(){};
	//获取火车的信息 
	ticketInform(string flag,string trainNum, string fromPlace, string fromStation, string toPlace,
				string toStation, string fromTime, string toTime):
				flag(flag),
				trainNum(trainNum),
				fromPlace(fromPlace),
				fromStation(fromStation),
				toPlace(toPlace),
				toStation(toStation),
				fromTime(fromTime),
				toTime(toTime){};
	//打印车票的提示信息 
	void printTrip()
	{
		printf("|  车次  |  出发地  |  目的地  |  出发时间  |  到达时间  |");
		if (flag == "0")
		{
			printf("  站票  |  硬座  |  硬卧  |\n");
		}
		else
		{
			printf("  一等座  |  二等座  |\n");
		}
	}
	//打印车票的内容 
	void printInform()
	{
		printTrip(); 
		cout  << setw(8) << trainNum << setw(8) << fromPlace << fromStation << setw(8) << toPlace <<
			toStation << setw(10) << fromTime << setw(13) << toTime << setw(11);
		if (flag == "0")
		{
			cout << money.stand << setw(9) <<money.hardSeat << setw(9)  << money.hardSleeper;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << money.firstSeat << setw(10) << money.secondSeat;
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
};

struct ticketList		//全部车票 
{
	ticketInform ticket;
	ticketList *next; 
};

struct userInform		//用户信息 
{
	string name;		//用户名 
	string fromPlace;	//出发地
	string toPlace;		//目的地
	string fromStation;	//出发站台 
	string toStation;	//目的站台
	string fromTime;	//出发时间
	double money;		//票价
	int seat;			//座位
	string trainNum;	//车次
	string seaTpye;		//座位类型
	
	userInform(){};
	//获取用户出发地和目的地 
	userInform(string name, string fromPlace, string toPlace):
				name(name),
				fromPlace(fromPlace),
				toPlace(toPlace){};
	//获取用户想购买的车次相关票 
	userInform(string name, string trainNum):
				name(name),
				trainNum(trainNum){};
};

struct userList		//用户车票 
{
	userInform user;
	userList *next; 
};

struct  ticketOS
{
	void printInterface();						//显示主界面
	void userViewInterface();					//显示用户操作界面 
	ticketInform  ticketInsert(string pp[]); 	//车票初始化 
	ticketList *ticketInquire();				//从文件获取车票 
	void printTicketInform(ticketList *L);		//显示车票信息
	void userVoteByPlace(userInform &user);		//用户通过地点选票
	void userVoteByNum(userInform &user);		//用户通过车次选票
    void userOperation(ticketList *L, userInform &user, ticketOS tos);                  //用户操作
    bool userPrintTicketInform(ticketList *L, userInform user, int choose); 	//显示用户可选择的车票
    bool checkByPlace(ticketList *L, userInform user);						//判断地址是否存在 
    bool checkById(ticketList *L,  userInform user);						//判断车次是否存在 
    void userChooseTicket(userInform user, userList *userL,ticketList *L, int choose);	//用户具体选择的票 
    bool judgeTicket(userList *userL, string Seat, double ticketMoney, int *ticketSum);	//判断车票是否存在 
    void userVoteResult(userList *userL, string name);						//用户选票结果
};

void ticketOS::printInterface()
{
	printf("   ********************************************************************\n");
	printf("   ***                         火车售票系统                         ***\n");
	printf("   ***               欢迎您使用本软件，祝您旅途愉快！！！           ***\n");
	printf("   ********************************************************************\n");
}

void ticketOS::userViewInterface()
{
	printf("                 ****************用户操作**************\n");
	printf("                 ***           1:地点选票           ***\n");
	printf("                 ***           2:车次选票           ***\n");
	printf("                 ***           3:今日车票           ***\n");
	printf("                 ***           4:车票打印           ***\n");
	printf("                 ***           0:退出系统           ***\n");
	printf("                 **************************************\n");
}

ticketInform ticketOS::ticketInsert(string pp[])
{
	ticketInform tif;
	tif =  ticketInform(pp[0], pp[1], pp[2], pp[3], pp[4], pp[5], pp[6], pp[7]);
	//区别普铁和动车，给车票赋值 
	if (tif.flag == "0")
	{
		tif.money = ticketMoney(atof(pp[8].c_str()), atof(pp[9].c_str()), atof(pp[10].c_str()));
		tif.money.firstSeat = tif.money.secondSeat = -1;
	}
	else
	{
		tif.money = ticketMoney(atof(pp[8].c_str()), atof(pp[9].c_str()));
		tif.money.stand = tif.money.hardSeat = tif.money.hardSleeper = -1;
	}
	//随机车票数量 
	srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
	tif.money.standNum = rand()%5+5;
	tif.money.hardSeatNum = rand()%5+5;
	tif.money.hardSleeperNum = rand()%5+5;
	tif.money.firstSeatNum = rand()%5+5;
	tif.money.secondSeatNum = rand()%5+5;
	return tif;
}

ticketList *ticketOS::ticketInquire()
{
	char buf[MAX_LINE];  		//缓冲区
	FILE *fp;   	       		//文件指针 
	int len;         			//行字符个数
	if ((fp = fopen("ticket.txt","r")) == NULL)
	{
	 	perror("系统加载错误");
	 	exit (1) ;
	}
	ticketList *L, *temp;
	L = new (ticketList);
	temp = L;
	temp->next = NULL;
	while (fgets(buf,MAX_LINE,fp) != NULL)
	{
		ticketList *t = new(ticketList);
		char *p;
		if (strlen(buf)==1) continue;
		p = strtok(buf, " ");
		string pp[TICKET_NUM];
		int len = 0;
		while(p)
		{  	
			pp[len++] = p;
		    p = strtok(NULL, " "); 
		}
		t->ticket = ticketInsert(pp);
		temp->next = t;
		temp = temp->next;	
	}
	temp->next = NULL;
	return L;
}

void ticketOS::printTicketInform(ticketList *L)
{
	printf("-------------------------------------售票信息-------------------------------------\n"); 
	ticketList *t = L->next;
	while (t != NULL)
	{
		t->ticket.printInform();
		t = t->next;
	}
	printf("----------------------------------以上为今日售票信息----------------------------------\n"); 
}

void ticketOS::userVoteByPlace(userInform &user)
{
	string name;
	string fromPlace;
	string toPlace; 
	printf("请输入您的姓名:");
	cin >> name;
	printf("请输入您的乘车地点:");
	cin >> fromPlace; 
	printf("请输入您的目的地地点:");
	cin >> toPlace;
	user = userInform(name, fromPlace, toPlace);
}

void ticketOS::userVoteByNum(userInform &user)
{
	string name;
	string trainNum;
	printf("请输入您的姓名:");
	cin >> name;
	printf("请输入您想要乘坐的车次:");
	cin >> trainNum;
	user = userInform(name, trainNum);
}

bool ticketOS::checkByPlace(ticketList *L, userInform user)
{
	if (L->ticket.fromPlace == user.fromPlace && L->ticket.toPlace == user.toPlace)
		return true;
	return false;
}

bool ticketOS::checkById(ticketList *L, userInform user)
{
	if (L->ticket.trainNum == user.trainNum)
		return true;
	return false;
}

bool ticketOS::userPrintTicketInform(ticketList *L, userInform user, int choose)
{
	ticketList *temp = L->next;
    ticketList *LL= new (ticketList);
    ticketList *tt = LL;
    tt->next = NULL;
    TICKET_SUM = 0;
    bool flag;
    while (temp)
    {
    	if (choose&1) flag = checkByPlace(temp, user);
    	else flag = checkById(temp, user);
		if (flag)
		{
            ticketList *t = new (ticketList);
            t->ticket = temp->ticket;
            tt->next = t;
            tt = tt->next;
            printf("可选择的第%d张票:\n", TICKET_SUM+1);
            temp->ticket.printInform();
            TICKET_SUM++;
        }
        temp = temp->next;
    }
    tt->next = NULL;
    if (!TICKET_SUM)
	{
    	printf("对不起，没有该列车的相关信息！\n");
    	return false;
	}
	return true;
}

bool ticketOS::judgeTicket(userList *userL, string seat, double ticketMoney, int *ticketSum)
{
	if (ticketMoney == -1)
	{
		printf("对不起，选票失败！\n");
		return false;
	}
	if ( ticketSum <= 0)
	{
		printf("对不起，该列车票已经售空！\n");
		return false;
	}
	
	userL->user.money = ticketMoney;
	userL->user.seaTpye = seat;
	userL->user.seat = *ticketSum;
	*ticketSum = *ticketSum-1;
	return true;
}

void ticketOS::userChooseTicket(userInform user, userList *userL,ticketList *L, int choose)
{
	ticketList *temp = L->next;	
	userList *t = userL;
	printf("请选择您的火车序号[1,%d]:", TICKET_SUM);
	int x;
	int k=0;
	string seat;
	bool flag = true;
	scanf("%d", &x);
	while(t->next) t = t->next;
	if (x > TICKET_SUM && x < 1)
	{
		printf("对不起，没有该序号的火车，购票失败!!!\n");
		return;
	}
	while(temp && choose&1)
	{
		if (checkByPlace(temp, user))
		{
			k++;
		}
		if (k == x) break;
		temp = temp->next;
	}
	while(temp && choose&2)
	{
		if (checkById(temp, user))
		{
			k++;
		}
		if (k == x) break;
		temp = temp->next;
	}
	printf("请选择您想要的座位(普通:站票|硬座|硬卧,动车:一等座|二等座):");
	cin >> seat;
	printf("\n");
	userList *tt = new (userList);
	if (seat == "站票")
	{ 
		flag = judgeTicket(tt, seat, temp->ticket.money.stand, &(temp->ticket.money.standNum));
	}
	else if (seat == "硬座") 
	{
		flag = judgeTicket(tt, seat, temp->ticket.money.hardSeat, &(temp->ticket.money.hardSeatNum));
	}
	else if (seat == "硬卧") 
	{
		flag = judgeTicket(tt, seat, temp->ticket.money.hardSleeper, &(temp->ticket.money.hardSleeperNum));
	}
	else if (seat == "一等座") 
	{
		flag = judgeTicket(tt, seat, temp->ticket.money.firstSeat, &(temp->ticket.money.firstSeatNum));
	}
	else if (seat == "二等座") 
	{
		flag = judgeTicket(tt, seat, temp->ticket.money.secondSeat, &(temp->ticket.money.secondSeatNum));
	}
	if (flag)
	{
		tt->user.name = user.name;
		tt->user.trainNum = temp->ticket.trainNum;
		tt->user.fromPlace = temp->ticket.fromPlace;
		tt->user.fromStation = temp->ticket.fromStation; 
		tt->user.toPlace = temp->ticket.toPlace;
		tt->user.toStation = temp->ticket.toStation;
		tt->user.fromTime = temp->ticket.fromTime;
		t->next = tt;
		t = t->next;
	}
	if (flag) printf("恭喜您，选票成功！\n");
	temp = temp->next;
	t->next = NULL;
}

void ticketOS::userVoteResult(userList *userL, string name)
{
	userList *temp = userL->next;
	time_t rawtime; 
	struct tm *pt; 
	time(&rawtime);
	pt = localtime(&rawtime);
	while(temp)
	{
		userInform user= temp->user;
		printf("---------------------------------------------\n");
		cout << "|     " << user.fromPlace << ' ' << user.fromStation << "      " << user.trainNum << "      " << user.toPlace << ' ' << user.toStation << "     |\n";
		printf("|%d年%02d月%02d日", pt->tm_year+1900, pt->tm_mon+1, pt->tm_mday);
		cout << user.fromTime << "开" << "    ";
		cout.fill('0'); 
		if (user.seaTpye == "站票")  cout << "1车" << setw(2) << user.seat << "站票       |\n";
		if (user.seaTpye == "硬座") cout << "1车" << setw(2) << user.seat << "号 硬座      |\n";
		if (user.seaTpye == "一等座") cout << "1车" << setw(2) << user.seat << "号 一等座    |\n";
		if (user.seaTpye == "硬卧") cout << "2车" << setw(2) << user.seat << "号 硬卧     |\n";
		if (user.seaTpye == "二等座") cout << "2车" << setw(2) << user.seat << "号 二等座    |\n";
		printf("|限乘当日当次车                             |\n");
		printf("|                                           |\n");
		cout << "| ****************** " << user.name << "                   |\n";
		printf("---------------------------------------------\n");
		cout.fill(' ');
		temp = temp->next;
	}
}

void ticketOS::userOperation(ticketList *L, userInform &user, ticketOS tos)
{
	int num;
	bool flag = true;
	userList *userL = new (userList);
	userL->next = NULL;
	while(true)
	{
		printf("请输入您的选项:");
		cin >> num;
		if (num == 1)
		{
			userVoteByPlace(user);
			if (!tos.userPrintTicketInform(L, user, 1)) continue;
			tos.userChooseTicket(user, userL, L, 1);
		}else if (num == 2)
		{
			userVoteByNum(user);
			if (!tos.userPrintTicketInform(L, user, 2)) continue;
			tos.userChooseTicket(user, userL, L, 2);
		}else if (num == 3)
		{
			tos.printTicketInform(L);
		}else if (num == 4)
		{
			tos.userVoteResult(userL,user.name);
		}else if (num == 0)
		{
			printf("欢迎下次使用！\n");
			break;
		}else
		{
			printf("请输入有效操作！！！\n");
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
	ticketOS tos;
	tos.printInterface();
	ticketList *L = tos.ticketInquire();
	tos.printTicketInform(L);
	tos.userViewInterface();
	userInform user;
	tos.userOperation(L,user,tos);
	return 0;
}

我尽自己最大努力去写了，不知道这课设能不能过。

但还是有遗憾。没用搜索查票。

因为我们买票，很多时候不能一票到站，往往还要几次中转。

想在地点查询加搜索，但想了半天，写出来太难了。

我只能来说说我想要做的这个思路吧：

先开一个二维数组 a[n][m]存储找出可达的车票路径。

n：第i的可购买的车票。

m：出发地。

比如我们想从A到B地，假如可选择的票是A->B，A->C->D->B和A->E->B。

我的数组这样存 a[0][A] = B。

a[1][A] = C，a[1][C]= D，a[1][D] = B。

a[2][A] = E，a[2][E] = B。

数组里面存的是数字，但我给的是字符串，还要在初始化的时候map…

搜索的话，我觉得DFS就行，在加一个book[n]标记是否查询过。

但每次都链表查询，额，这效率…

而且输出也麻烦，先查a数组，在查链表…